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The high degree of resolution comes from the electron optics that focus the electron beam creating the X-rays, he said, and from the semiconductor detector.
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Irradiation by the electron beam creates hydrated electrons that reduce the Au3+ ions to Au and form nanocrystals attached to either the bottom or the ceiling of the nanoaquarium's observation chamber.
This cylinder partly obstructed the central beam and became charged when illuminated by the electron beam, thus creating an electrostatic phase plate.
Electron beam evaporation created Ti surfaces with nanometer features while anodization created Ti surfaces with nanotubes.
Electron beam radiation created radical sites on PVDF films without adding any toxic chemicals.
Organic vapors condensed into thin layers of ice on the surface of a cold substrate are exposed with an electron beam to create resist patterns for lithography applications.
The technique offers a way to split and recombine electron beams to create a device called an electron interferometer, which can probe atoms with about 10,000 times higher sensitivity than its optical counterpart.
In this approach, a transonic helium carrier gas jet has been combined with electron beam evaporation to create and efficiently transport metal vapor to a substrate.
For example, PEG monolayers on gold were patterned by electron-beam to create biomolecular features with dimensions of about 40 nm [116].
Electron beam irradiation also can create charge patterns on the electret material.
A large electron beam focal spot will create a penumbra effect where the X-ray spot subtends a significant angle at the subject; this blurs the resultant image.
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