Exact(3)
Compared to piezoceramic material, polyvinylidene fluoride polymer has anisotropic electromechanical material properties.
To determine the mechanical properties of the grafted cartilage, an electromechanical material testing machine (EZ-L; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) was used.
Femur was free dissected from skin, ligaments and muscles and tested to the breaking point on a three-point bending electromechanical material testing machine (Avalon Technologies, Rochester, MN, USA).
Similar(57)
Energetically consistent crack face boundary conditions are formulated for cracks in electromechanical materials.
SMMs and electromechanical materials (e.g., piezoelectric ceramics) are examples of smart materials, widely used as physical sensors and actuators [118].
Tensile tests were performed on Phase II samples (n = 6) with an electromechanical materials testing system (Instron Model 5565, Canton, MA) using a 50 N load cell.
This work adopts the semi-coupled model to find the elastic and piezoelectric field for weakly electromechanical coupled materials (GaAs) with the consideration of interface effect.
Each of the various electromechanical actuating materials discussed above (ferroelectric/piezoelectric ceramics, electroactive polymers, and conjugated conducting polymers) excel in some aspects, but may have unsatisfactory performance in other aspects.
This technique probes the electromechanical response of materials, which is directly related to the material's ferroelectric state.
Electrostriction refers to the nonlinear electromechanical coupling in materials, where the strain depends on the electric field quadratically.
High electromechanical transformation of piezoelectric material and efficient energy transfer of mechanical structure make the piezoelectric generator a high performance.
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