A Pt counter electrode affects stress test results because it reaches potentials, at which it dissolves.
Our computational approach accounts intercalation induced electrode expansion, stress generation caused by mechanical boundaries, compression of the electrodes and the separator, outer expansion of the cell and finally the influence of the ionic transport within the electrolyte.
However, the practical use of ZnO as the anode for LIBs has been hindered by its large volume change during charge/discharge processes, which leads to high internal stress, electrode pulverization, and subsequent loss of electrical contact between the active material and current collector [6, 7].
Stress analysis reveals that high stresses in electrode cause the breakage of electrode and sealant in succession and the loss of electrolyte finally.
The Ni electrode with induced compressive stress exhibited a higher exchange current density and lower Tafel slopes than those with induced tensile stress, which can be attributed to modification of the hydrogen adsorption energy, as evidenced by a downshift in the d-band center.
This strategy provides buffer space, which is constructed by carbon porous continuous conductive framework throughout the entire electrode, to resist local stress and intense volume variation.
CTEs of sealant and electrolyte can be also optimized as analysis confirms that the maximum stress in electrode drops when the CTEs of sealant and electrolyte decrease.
