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The medial gastrocnemius was stimulated supramaximally by employing percutaneous electrical stimulation with self-adhesive surface electrodes connected to an electric stimulator and an isolator (SS-104 J; Nihon Koden, Japan).
For example, inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineage cells by electrical stimulation with CNTs was succeeded in vitro, and notably finding evidence of electrically stimulated cross talk among these cells.
Both the electrically-induced IPSC, and the peak amplitude increase elicited by pairing electrical stimulation with photoactivation of astrocytes, were abolished by addition of bicuculline, indicating that all outward currents were mediated by GABAA receptor activation (paired t-test t(4) = 3.682, P = 0.0015, n = 5 cells, 3 mice; Fig. 4a c).
Presynaptic electrical stimulation with a frequency below 50 Hz rarely resulted in lateral disynaptic IPSPs in postsynaptic pyramidal neurons.
Thin fibers could be used to deliver drugs or electrical stimulation, with less damage to the brain.
Combining presynaptic electrical stimulation with optogenetic induced ACh release did not affect the synaptic strength between the pyramidal neurons and MCs (Supplementary Figure 3B).
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In training stage, after the V0 value was decided for each participant, they will be trained for adaptation without moving to associate the electrical stimulations with the corresponding command.
After the baseline response was established one of the drugs (indomethacin 5 mg kg−1, naproxen 30 mg kg−1 or ibuprofen 30 mg kg−1) was applied intravenously, followed by four further electrical stimulations with a 15 min recovery period, starting 10 min after the administration of one of the drugs.
To compare the musculoskeletal effects of low cadence cycling with functional electrical stimulation (FES) with high cadence FES cycling for people with spinal cord injury (SCI).
To compare virtual reality (VR) combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) with cyclic FES for improving upper extremity function and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic stroke.
EA is a combined procedure that stimulates an acupoint with electrical stimulation instead of with manual manipulations of needles.
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