Exact(1)
The electrical spectra for frequencies higher than 15 kHz evidenced the presence of relaxation events associated to local ion motion dynamics and long range diffusion.
Similar(59)
The electrical spectrum of the output is measured using a photodiode and RF spectrum analyser.
To confirm the soliton repetition rate, the soliton pulse stream was detected and analysed on an electrical spectrum analyser.
The electrical spectrum is provided as an inset to Fig. 3b and shows a measured repetition rate near 15.2 GHz.
Electrical spectrum analysis indicated 40 GHz modulation of lasing output from the twin-cavity laser.
Represented on an electrical spectrum analyser, the Fourier transform of the output exhibits bands appearing at the fundamental cavity frequency (frep), and harmonics thereafter (2frep, 3frep, etc).
Radnatarov et al.14 quantified high quality mode-locking by maximising the value of the fundamental radio frequency (RF) beat note in the electrical spectrum.
For the former, we use a power meter and an optical spectrum analyser (ANDO AQ6317), while for the latter we exploit a high-speed photodetector (NewFocus 1554-B, 12 GHz) followed by an electronic amplifier, combined with an electrical spectrum analyser (Anritsu, MS2667C, 30 GHz) or an oscilloscope (Tektronix CSA7404, 4 GHz, 20 GSamples/s).
The cavity output is split using fibre couplers to deliver the GA-stabilised laser output in addition to signals for the diagnostic devices for evaluation of the fitness function, including an oscilloscope and electrical spectrum analyser (with photodiodes), and an optical spectrum analyser.
Harmonic fluctuations are quantified as the mean of the deviation of each harmonic intensity from the peak harmonic value; if a harmonic is not detected (suggesting that the output is not stably mode-locked), it is assigned a value of 0 to yield a high fluctuation value and thus, a low electrical spectrum score.
An autocorrelation setup based on a Michelson interferometer was used for pulse duration measurements, controlled by an oscilloscope with a 50-GHz bandwidth, an electrical spectrum analyzer with a 22-GHz bandwidth, and a 20-GHz photodetector.
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