The final results confirmed that the particle acceleration, gravitational and Saffman lift forces are not important in comparison to the electrical field and flow field forces for the EHDA apparatus and conditions used in this study.
In order to reduce the experimental time, we propose an electrical field as driving force to accelerate the migration of ionic species.
In small bundles and single muscle fibres, we demonstrate automated recordings of (i) caffeine-induced-, (ii) electrical field stimulation (EFS -induced forcEFS -induced-force, (iii slack-tests and (v) passive length-tension curves.
Another attractive approach that does not require patterned electrodes was demonstrated by Chiou et al. who developed a light-induced DEP trap; as Fig. 6 shows, a light image was converted into an electrical field, creating local DEP forces [ 104].
In traditional water treatment, carbon was used as adsorbent to removal impurities from water by an adsorption process without the help of driving force of electrical field.
When the extra voltage was applied between the photoelectrode and counter electrode, the intrinsic electron in the CdS QDs would transport along a certain direction under the force of electrical field, which caused the dark current.
Through the time-dependent morphological evolution investigation and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis, the formation of petals was ascribed to the slow reduction rate and high nucleation driving force by electrical field concentration.
In our modeling, F consists of two components: one is the deterministic DEP force due to electrical field generated by the electrodes; while the other is the random force induced by thermal noise in the surrounding medium.
Rat bladder strip mounted in two parallel organ baths and incubated in 125I-BoNT-A (A) showing no inhibition of contraction force induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in time and unlabelled BoNT-A (B) showing inhibition of contraction force induced by EFS in time.
The electron mobility is defined as the drift velocity of electrons under the driving force of an extra electrical field.
