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The predicted effective properties are incorporated in the proposed uni-axial model and the dielectric hysteresis (electrical displacement versus electric field) as well as butterfly curves (strain versus electric field) are simulated.
An electron accompanied by this kind of electrical displacement of neighbouring charges constitutes a polaron.
On the face planes of the PZT layers, the open-circuit condition with respect to the electrical displacement is satisfied.
The electrical displacement at any point of the pre-fracture zones is found in closed form as well.
In addition, the singularity orders and intensity factors of stress and electrical displacement can also be obtained.
It is shown that the same equation as for the Griffith crack model can be used for the determination of the electrical displacement in the crack region.
Similar(45)
It shows that the stresses and electrical displacements around the crack tips have the conventional square root singularity.
The generalized dynamic intensity factors for the thermal stresses and electrical displacements are extracted by using the interaction integral.
The methodology is based on the mixed formulation, in which basic unknowns are formed by collecting not only displacements, electrical potential and magnetic potential but also some of stresses, electrical displacements, and magnetic induction.
Stress and electrical displacements intensity factors are found in a clear analytical form which is especially easier for a small contact zone length.
Both the stresses, electrical displacements in pre-fracture zones and the lengthes of pre-fracture zones are unknown, which are determined by solving the corresponding Hilbert problem and solving nonlinear equations introduced by yielding condition on the pre-fracture zones.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com