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Electrical characterization is performed by impedance spectroscopy (IS) scanning a frequency range from 40 Hz to 1 MHz using a 50-mV signal using an Agilent 4294A impedance meter (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Structural and electrical characterization is needed to understand the enhanced electrical properties and the transport mechanism.
Thermal, mechanical, optical and electrical characterization is discussed under bulk characterization techniques.
Their optical and electrical characterization is a direct way to gain a deep comprehension of some of novel phenomena of the nanostructure that originate from the overexposure of the bulk of nanomaterials to surface effects.
However, high-k-based devices still show some drawbacks, and therefore to have a better knowledge of their properties and to improve their performance, a detailed electrical characterization is required.
The electrical characterization is made using a custom-built, LabVIEW-controlled measurement set-up, where the voltage is controlled by a 16-bit National Instruments DAQ card, which also samples the current measured by a Stanford Research SR 570 current amplifier.
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The electrical characterization was carried out in a four probe conductivity cells.
Electrical characterization was performed at an ultralow current leakage probe station (LakeShore Cryotronics TTP4).
The electrical characterization was carried out using a HP4156C precision semiconductor parameter analyser.
Electrical characterization was performed by impedance spectrometry and quasi-static I-V measurements.
The electrical characterization was done by the four-point probe method to determine the sheet resistance and resistivity.
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