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The absence of an electioneering message helped insulate the parties from the legal challenge from Common Cause.
None of the commercials contain a specific electioneering message asking voters to support or oppose either presumptive presidential nominee.
"There is an exhortation to vote for a specific candidate in an election -- that should be our standard" for whether advertisements convey an electioneering message, she said.
She also said that as long as the parties' issue advertisements did not expressly contain an electioneering message for a candidate, they were proper.
As Trevor Potter, a former F.E.C. chairman, testified a year ago, F.E.C. advisory opinions hold that party commercials coordinated with a candidate's campaign and containing an "electioneering message" depicting an identifiable candidate are campaign ads, whether or not they tell viewers to vote for or against someone.
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Electioneering messages paid for by a firm must clearly disclose that firm's identity.
But auditors at the Federal Election Commission concluded that the advertisements did directly benefit the Clinton-Gore campaign with electioneering messages on behalf of the President.
Under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, better known as McCain-Feingold after its sponsors in the Senate, that was not allowed.Among other things, McCain-Feingold forbids corporations or unions from paying to broadcast electioneering messages about candidates within 30 days of a primary or 60 days before a general election.
Modern electioneering has become about messages that are cut-through crude; government involves making tricky, often finely balanced and frequently painful trade-offs.
Election commission data on electioneering spending may offer a glimpse of the future, though.
Prime Minister and leader of the Labour Party Jim Callaghan in Abingdon electioneering for the 1979 General Election.
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