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In order to maintain the elastic condition, columns are designed to sustain larger seismic load by multiplying the nominal seismic load with a Magnification Factor.
Namely, the interface formulation follows the transition of the adhesive material from the sound elastic condition to the fully cracked one.
For low Young's modulus values, the rock remains in an elastic condition; for high Young's modulus conditions, a thin plastic zone may develop adjacent to the stressed filter, but without impairing the overall stability of the zone.
This is done by use of a non-linear replacement oscillator recently proposed by the authors, which is characterized by an effective ductility along with the known effective period and damping of the system for the elastic condition.
The asymptotic warping functions are calculated only once initially by solving the extended St. Venant equations under two material conditions: purely elastic condition and fully plastic condition when no material point in the cross-section remains elastic.
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The RC elements of the connections equipped with brace dampers remained in nearly elastic conditions (i.e. with minor damage) until one of the brace dampers failed.
The efficiency of the model under elastic conditions was first assessed by comparison of its predictions with an exact analytical solution.
Elastic conditions applicable to the initial or linearized part of the load-deformation response in the serviceability limit state are assumed.
Similar FEA can be found in the literature, but they are limited to linear elastic conditions where a J-integral analysis is not necessary.
The associated buckling collapse is now known to be caused by localized axial membrane compression and occurs under predominantly elastic conditions.
Local models are only needed to be run under linear elastic conditions for the selected modal shapes of the structure, being the local time history of fatigue damage variable computed by modal superposition for each loading event.
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