Lastly, they demonstrate that YKL-40 activates MAPK, Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and regulates apoptosis, pyroptosis, inflammasome activation, oxidant injury, antibacterial responses, melanoma metastasis, and TGF-β1 elaboration via IL-13Rα2-dependent mechanisms.
Their elaboration via a fragment merging strategy proved highly successful for the heme‐binding fragments, but this was not recapitulated by compounds based on the non‐heme‐coordinating triazolylphenol fragment 1.
Rhetorical relations can serve communicative goals such as concept comprehension (e.g., via elaboration of a definition), belief (via presentation of evidence), or causal understanding (e.g., via a volitional result relation, as in (6.1)), and in this way tighten the connection between content planning and communicative goals.
Parietal trophoblast giant cells invade into the uterine wall, establishing a receptive environment for development of a functional maternal-fetal interface via elaboration of paracrine factors including VEGF, metalloproteinases, hormones and cytokines [35], [36].
Additionally, maturation of CD1 trees occurs via elaboration of the capillary bed, rather than by expansion of the arterial tree.
In addition, via elaboration of IFN-γ and TNF-α, HER2-specific Th1 cells – in synergism with trastuzumab-mediated HER2 blockade – directly promote senescence and apoptosis, as well as HER2-specific CD8+ T cell targeting of HER2-overexpressing tumors in vitro [ 10, 24].
A central tenet in biochemistry for over 50 years has held that microorganisms, plants and, more recently, certain apicomplexan parasites synthesize essential aromatic compounds via elaboration of a complete shikimic acid pathway, whereas metazoans lacking this pathway require a dietary source of these compounds.
Figure 1 encapsulates the challenges of facilitating the elaboration of such analysis via an integrated workflow modelling.
Another report confirmed that tumor over-expression of PGE2 via the elaboration of Cox-2 directly blocks patient's defence mechanism against cancer and promote cancer growth [63].
In addition, tumor cells create an immunosuppressive microenvironment via the elaboration of various cytokines and chemokines, such as TGF-β, IL-10, prostaglandins (PGs), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2), and VEGF.
The differential effects of online student-constructed tests (SCT) and student-generated questions (SGQ) strategies on knowledge construction in term of the breadth, depth, interconnectivity and elaboration of knowledge were examined via a quasi-experimental research design.
