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Furthermore, when considering the Allen-Uzawa elasticity of substitution (AES) and the cross-price elasticity (CPE) as a measure of substitution, they find that the factors capital and energy are either substitutes or complements depending on the size of employment.
These locally recognised cadres are either substitutes or assistants to other cadres; there is a long tradition of these in Zambia that predates independence (Head, Department of Community Medicine, personal communication May 2008).
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In the last four games of England's Six Nations campaign Wilkinson was either substituted or had to come off for running repairs and Woodward is reserving the right to leave him at home if necessary.
Such division-specific controls either substitute for or supplement geographic-specific linear trends.
Therefore, the currently installed energy system will need to be either substituted or upgraded to meet an increasing energy demand.
For those relegated to the "app ghetto" I usually either substitute Google or SMS because I've forgotten that I've downloaded them and am too lazy to swipe past my first screen.
By either substituting the coded value into Eq. (3) or actual value into Eq. (4) from Table 1, the percentage removal of NO3 − N could be calculated in verifying the equations.
Five concentrations (i.e., 0.4 2 mg dry matter/ml) of methanol extract of K. arvensis were added, either substituting an equivalent amount of basal forage, or to a constant amount of substrate.
Fictional characters have been used as user representatives, either substituting actual users or supporting idea generation, and their foremost objective is to facilitate the identification of user needs and goals and to support the development of detailed and comprehensive scenarios.
Also, given the potential endogeneity between income and labor market attachment (in the sense that labor market affiliation is a potential outcome of income), it is recommendable to either substitute or supply with analyses using education rather than income as measure of SES status.
For these reasons, there is an immediate need for a biomaterial that can either substitute for autografted bone or serve as a temporary matrix that induces regeneration of native bone at implant sites.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com