Independent of the approach selected, either displacement or force-based, most of the seismic designs of civil structures are performed using variations of the response spectrum method, where the ground motion is represented as a design response spectrum that is representative of the seismic hazard on the site.
(A7) and (A8) represents either the displacements of individual or summation of displacements of individual modules then it may be argued that; the maximum normal nodal displacements of VG of US at incipient collapse may be computed as the sum of the corresponding displacements of the individual modules either to the left or right of the joints of maximum plastic rotation.
In northwestern Pakistan, nearly 950,000 people (126,224 families) remain displaced, residing either in displacement camps or in host areas.5 Given the occurrence of devastating floods for two years in a row, disaster risk reduction activities for flooded areas are essential.
An advanced biaxial tensile test system has been developed to implement biaxial loading by either displacement or force control strategy.
This weighting may be done on the basis of either displacement or energy present in different modes.
Most of the research, however, has been focused on the development of specific finite elements with either displacement, force-based or mixed formulations.
It in turn means the accurate continuous element solutions with the element load effects are merely restricted to element nodes discretely, and further limited to either displacement or force field depending on which type of approximate function is derived.
If the plate is clamped at an end by being sandwiched between two rigid surfaces, it is customary to model this constraint (i.e. boundary condition) as a rigid constraint which does not permit either displacement or rotation at that edge.
Secondary migration may result from active water movement or can occur independently, either by displacement or by diffusion.
Nonlinearity exists either in displacement or in velocity for these nonlinear oscillators.
