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Cause of death was either ascertained through a record linkage system of the regional statistical office or through local health authorities (21).
These studies were still subject to bias as individuals were either ascertained through existing proven BRCA1 families (the necessity again for a living affected individual) [ 5- 7] or some time after diagnosis in Jewish families [ 8].
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The study also highlights the usefulness of the transesophageal echocardiography approach for diagnosis and risk stratification of IE. Transesophageal echocardiography was required in more than 90% of the patients, either to ascertain the pending diagnosis or to delineate the full extent of disease.
If the origin and age of driftwood samples can be ascertained, either by studies of tree rings or by carbon dating, then scientists might gain insights into long-term variations in river runoff and regional climate, as well as fluctuations in the strengths and paths of ocean currents.
Presence of antibody was ascertained either with ECL or ECL+ (Amersham).
Case status was ascertained either through clinical or surgical records or autopsy reports.
Death was ascertained either from the hospital records or from the telephonic conversation with the relatives.
Undetermined sequence in the Velvet assembly was ascertained either by read mapping in Geneious or reference-guided assembly in Alignreads.
On the other hand, the lack of the androecium in the 'bud-flowering' type has not been ascertained either.
1 2 7 8 The individual morbidity status was ascertained either through active measurements, or through self-report or both.
Death status for U.S. centers was ascertained either by query of the Social Security Death Index or by direct physician and/or patient contact.
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