Oncogenic mutations in the PI3K pathway generally involve either activating mutation of the gene encoding PI3K (PIK3CA) or AKT (AKT1), or loss or reduced expression of PTEN.
Although the standard drug might not decrease TG concentrations by activating lipoprotein lipase, the biflavonoid fractions from Garcinia kola could have reduced TG levels by either activating endothelium bound lipoprotein lipase which hydrolyses the triglyceride into fatty acid hence decreasing triglyceride levels as seen in a report by Sikarwar and Patil [26].
Whether the ablation of ABCA1 disables scramblase-mediated lipid movement in macrophages could be tested by either activating the scramblase with Ca2+ or by using apoptotic macrophages.
Is autophagy required for life extension by CR? Would it be sufficient to upregulate autophagy only (without either activating sirtuins or inhibiting TOR) in order to live longer?
Numerous studies demonstrated that TFs play vital roles in plant gene regulation, either activating or preventing target gene expression [ 2, 3].
The regulation of ATF4 expression in response to stress also occurs at the transcriptional level, with different environmental stressors either activating or suppressing ATF4 mRNA synthesis (8).
The proposed algorithm can not only identify transcriptional modules, but also reveal regulatory programs of which TFs control which target genes in which specific ways (either activating or inhibiting).
Edge-weights predicted by PANDA correspond to how likely a given regulatory interaction is to exist and edges that represent either activating or repressing interactions can have similarly high weights.
It has been shown that Klf4 preferentially regulates genes involved in cell adhesion, either activating or inhibiting adhesion, and that cell adhesion can inhibit proliferation (Swamynathan et al., 2008).
For this analysis we chose eight different cell lines, containing either activating N-RAS- (DX-3, LT5.1 and Mel Juso) or B-RAF mutations (A375, A375M, Mel Wei, Mel Im, SK-Mel-3 and SK-Mel-28).
The new approach provides information of not only transcriptional modules, but also on which of the TFs control which target genes in which specific ways (either activating or inhibiting) in a regulatory program.
