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A comparison of the relative effort of both parents showed that males and females on average contributed equally to feeding, whereby individuals showed high variance in their feeding effort (rate [nest visits/h] males: 15.9 ± 4.9 (mean ± SD); rate [nest visits/h] females: 15.5 ± 20.0 (mean ± SD); for details see Additional file 1: Table S1).
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→Self-reported mental effort rating single-question questionnaire.
The nine-point Mental Effort Rating Scale was developed by Paas [24].
The students completed the Circuit Theory Performance Test and the 9-Point Mental Effort Rating Scale.
Participants completed a small, integrative essay justifying a stand on the issue, and completed the Mental Effort Rating Scale (Paas, 1992).
The assessment test booklet had the following components: (i) Self-reported mental effort rating single-question questionnaire, (ii) Representational Competence assessment instrument for three different learning objectives, and (iii) Self-reported difficulty rating (mental load) single-question questionnaire.
Additionally, self-reported mental effort rating was used as a measure of intrinsic cognitive load to confirm the equivalence of intrinsic cognitive load in both groups (DeLeeuw and Mayer 2008).
The extent of physical sensation (abdominal discomfort, leg muscle pain), the sense of effort (rating of perceive exertion, RPE), and affective responses (pleasure-displeasure, arousal) were evaluated by numeric scales before, during, and immediately after exercise.
The latter weighed 19.6 LT less than the Pacific, but was claimed to be the most powerful locomotive in Britain with a tractive effort rated at 31825 lbf.
Answers to tests and mental effort rating scales were entered into the learning environment and analyzed a posteriori.
Subjects presented with the supplementary descriptor "my breathing required concentration or mental effort" rated this item 62%FS and rated muscle work 56%FS.
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