Organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and influent bicarbonate alkalinity were the inputs of the model, whereas the output variables were one of the following: H2 concentration, H2 production rate, H2 yield, effluent total organic carbon, and effluent aqueous products including acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, and caporate.
Important components that should be considered include the CRRT technical settings (in particular, the rate of effluent production) and duration of use (on- and off-time).
The obtained breakthrough times are in good agreement with analytical, theoretical and numerical simulations using field data, such that the closer the WOC and GOC to the well the faster the effluent(s) breakthrough time(s) at the same oil production rate (Peng and Yeh 1995; Schevchenko 2013; Papatzacos et al. 1991; Omeke et al. 2010).
Unfortunately, anaerobic degradation of proteinaceous materials is often associated with digester instability, as indicated by reduced methane production rate, fluctuations in pH and alkalinity, and high effluent concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA), such as acetate and propionate [ 4].
Ethanol and acetic acid production rate was observed to be 0.22, 0.30, and 1.17 g/L-effluent and 11.14, 15.20, and 23.68 g/L-effluent for a stirrer speed of 300, 400, and 500 rpm, respectively, while media and effluent rate was 0.25 mL/min (Fig. 3).
Effect of the initial pH (4.5 6.5) on fermentative hydrogen production palm oil mill effluent (POME) showed the optimum pH at 6.0, with the maximum hydrogen production potential of 702.52 mL/L-POME, production rate of 74.54 mL/L/h.
The oil production rate is a parameter that affects cresting such that at oil production rates above the critical rate "effluent(s -free oil rate" will res -free cresting.
An average hydrogen production rate of 80 mL/L h was achieved after supplementation, having 2.2 times higher hydrogen yield as compared to non-supplemented distillery effluent.
Field oil production rate.
