As previously mentioned, one cue to goal-directedness that infants are known to be able to exploit is whether an action is efficiently related to an outcome, where efficiency is judged with respect to situational constraints (Gergely & Csibra, 2003).
If the Churchill family name summons up thoughts of oratory, war-making and politics, be aware that its history is equally replete with sex, real estate and emotional turmoil, all efficiently related in this zippy compilation of Churchill family dish over the centuries.
If the parts are efficiently related, as in a well-constructed machine, the result is aesthetically favorable.
The main results show that extrinsic consumer attributes are easily and efficiently related to the sensory properties of products, allowing for interactions.
Because of this, it is valid to ask whether the current network structure of metabolism may be efficiently related to gene essentiality?
For unfamiliar agents like self-propelled balls, further cues to goal-directedness may be required – such as evidence that the ball's actions are efficiently related to the goal.
These include that the action can be interpreted as efficiently related to an outcome, the presence of a choice or selection on the part of the agent, action variability and salient action effects (for further discussion see Hernik & Southgate, 2012).
However, the data presented here, showing that 9-month-old infants do expect an agent to continue to pursue a previously chosen object in the presence of new objects, if the action they had observed was efficiently related to the outcome, contradicts that view, suggesting instead that infants' performance on those tasks reflected a failure to attribute any goal in the first place.
We argue that the ability to generate task-relevant ontologies efficiently and relate them to web resources will be essential for creating a machine-inferencable "semantic web".
For a natural generalization of the VPN problem, we prove a structural characterization implying that the optimal hierarchical hubbing solution can be found efficiently, and relate this to a "Generalized VPN Conjecture".
