This highly selective and efficient reaction was chosen for nucleic acid ligation for several reasons; alkynes and azides can be attached to nucleic acids by simple methods, the CuAAC reaction proceeds efficiently in aqueous media, the reaction can be switched on at will by addition of CuI, and the resultant triazole unit is extremely stable.
Two combinatorial filtering methods for efficiently selecting reaction products with desired properties are presented.
In this context, our group has explored for several years the high potential of the lipase/acyltransferase CpLIP2 from Candida parapsilosis and of several of its homologs, that catalyze efficiently acyltransfer reactions in lipid/water media with high water activity (aw > 0.9).
These needs are addressed most efficiently by reactions not in O P1 or O P2, such as PEP carboxylase and the glyoxylate shunt.
To design enzymes that can efficiently catalyze reactions at high temperatures, an improved understanding of the physical contributors to protein stability is essential.
Extensive analysis of the substrate specificities of ArAT I and ArAT II revealed that both enzymes most efficiently catalyzed reactions involving aromatic amino acids and 2-oxoacids followed by dicarboxylic compounds.
ArAT II was characterized by a broader substrate specificity and catalyzed relatively efficiently also reactions involving l-histidine (38%% of the maximum activity at 10 mM concentration), l-isoleucine and l-leucine (17 and 14%% of the maximum activity at 10 mM concentration, respectively).
Targets must also accommodate the use of large area silicon detector arrays, high-efficiency gamma arrays, and heavy ion detector systems to efficiently measure the reaction products.
Following the reactions in situ has allowed the stability of zeolite phases to be monitored directly and efficiently under real reaction conditions.
"We shot down Syrian planes that flew over the Golan, but not Russian planes," said Alpher, adding that co-ordination had been done "very efficiently" given that reaction time in such incidents might be only seconds.
This was a profound progress because a catalyst can catalyze efficiently a certain reaction generally.
