We recommend natural strain panels as a valuable tool for cost-efficient trait mapping and to select targets for genetic engineering, marker-assisted strain selection or breeding aiming at the optimization of astaxanthin productivity.
Models that allow the selection of individual SNP in addition to fitting a relationship matrix are more efficient for traits with a significant dominance variance.
The existence of efficient resistance traits in this wild species, in association with its very low density in forests, may have limited the increase in aggressiveness of the corresponding pathogen population.
From Additional file 1: Table S1, we can find that GBLUP is the most efficient method for traits GN, PH and TGW while LASSO is the most efficient for traits PB and SB.
With Kreklow setting, the Tigers have become more aggressive and efficient on offense, traits they lacked when they missed the N.C.A.A. tournament the last two seasons.
MAS is known to be efficient especially for traits that have low heritability and non-additive gene action.
Advocates of "imaging genetics"—the genetic analysis of brain images (Glahn et al. 2007; Turner et al. 2006)—suggested that it might even be more efficient to screen traits derived from brain images to provide endophenotypes for brain disorders.
To screen the mutants for desired traits, efficient screening methods are required; an example of such a method is the screening method developed by Huang et al. (2010) to screen for mutants with a higher acid production.
Such physiological traits (efficient leaf N remobilization, transient N storage in stems) may be particularly relevant to breeding programs aimed at identifying Brassica napus genotypes having high NUE in response to the fluctuation of nitrate availability and low N fertilizer inputs.
Our results confirm that genotyping-by-sequencing is an effective tool to obtain genome-wide information for crops with complex genomes, that these data are efficient for predicting traits, and that correction of spatial variation is a crucial ingredient to increase prediction accuracy in genomic selection models.
