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Immature Langerhans cells possess a highly active endocytic system for efficient antigen processing.
These results highlight the importance of flanking regions in promoting efficient antigen processing and presentation.
The mechanism by which TLR agonists function as adjuvants is not completely understood, however it is presumed that enhanced release of co-stimulatory factors (such as pro-inflammatory cytokines) from antigen presenting cells improves CD8+ T cell priming, possibly via facilitation of more efficient antigen processing and MHC class I and II antigen presentation.
Thus, some consequences of TBI might depend upon efficient antigen processing and presentation by B cells.
Efficient activation of innate responses often leads to efficient antigen processing and presentation to T cells, promoting efficient antigen-specific T-cell responses.
Efficient antigen processing and presentation via the major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) pathway in APCs, including macrophages, microglia, dendritic cells, B cells, and γδ T cells, facilitates the transition between innate and adaptive immunity [ 13, 20– 20].
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To validate that TRITC-NPs were indeed internalized by BMDCs, fluorescent micrographs of fixed BMDCs following 30 min incubation with either TRITC-NPs or b-NPs demonstrated efficient internalization of fluorescent NPs by BMDCs, an essential process required for effective antigen processing and presentation following uptake of antigen-encapsulated NPs.
39 A previous study showed that IFN-γ induces the expression the immunoproteasome, which is associated with more efficient MHC class I antigen processing.
In vivo, apo-HRP induced much weaker immune responses than wt-HRP, leading the authors to suggest that apo-HRP was degraded too rapidly by the antigen processing machinery, preventing efficient loading of MHC complexes.
Pamer, E. & Cresswell, P. Mechanisms of MHC class I restricted antigen processing.
Here we review features of antigen processing and presentation specific to HIV, analyze how HIV has adapted to the antigen processing machinery and discuss how advances in biochemical and computational protein degradation analyses and in immunopeptidome definition may help identify targets for efficient immune clearance and vaccine immunogen design.
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