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Efficiency was ascertained relative to a water surface, which was considered the best alternative for simulating a perfectly absorbent surface.
The digestion efficiency was ascertained according to the residual carbon content determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.
Efficiency was ascertained for five wind velocities (range: 1 5 m s− 1) and eight grain size classes (range: 10 89 μm).
pELMO vector transformation efficiency was ascertained by cloning csp, msp1 and eba-175 PCR products through blunt-end ligation into pELMO.
Biotinylation efficiency was ascertained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis (Ciphergen Biosystems Ltd ,Guilford, UK).
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The efficiency of stripping was ascertained by exposing a X-ray film on the membrane prior to reprobing for another target protein.
Synchronization efficiency in these studies was ascertained using flow cytometry and immunoblotting for cyclin A and PLK1.
For bisulfite treatment, 100% unmethylated phage lambda DNA was used as spike-in control and bisulfite conversion efficiency in both samples was ascertained as 95% (full details in the section on methods).
Mortality was ascertained through verbal autopsies.
Mortality was ascertained in 2007.
Quality metric parameters including noise level, background, and the efficiency of reverse transcription were ascertained for all hybridizations.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com