In the catfish, the gross growth efficiency of the deprived fish was marginally higher than that of control fish, but the efficiency varied erratically from week to week.
Specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) of the fish fed with Diet 4 was significantly higher than that fed the control diet during the first exposure period (weeks 0 4) while there were no significant difference during the second exposure period (weeks 5 12).
Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of commercial feed (CF) replacement with GW as direct feed on water quality, growth, and feeding efficiency of the herbivorous fishes like Spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy).
The efficiency of scavenging fish ensured that few traces of decaying COTS were visible 72 h post-injection.
Further studies are recommended to investigate the chitin content and efficiency of carnivorous fish species to digest it, with the view to further enhance the digestibility, and thereby use of insect meal in commercial fish feeds.
Parameters that affect the extraction efficiency of the target analytes from fish samples were optimised using a Box Behnken design method.
Thus, TGC can be taken as an estimate of growth efficiencies in the fish during a given growth interval.
The evolution of such arsenal could have been triggered by the high efficiency of the coagulation system in fishes that need to rapidly repair vascular damage, especially in the gills, where blood supply is maximum and very close to the external environment.
Such effects are further intensified by the increasing industrialization in the nineteenth century, with an increase in the efficiency of existing fishing gear (e.g., otter trawl) and the introduction of new ones (such as midwater pelagic trawls, hydraulic dredges, and iron-toothed dredges).
However, the efficiency of a predator fish is determined by its capacity to prey upon the recruits of Nile tilapia (de Graaf et al. 1996; Hernández et al. 2014).
