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Faced with the recurrent evolution of resistance to pesticides and drugs, the scientific community has developed theoretical models aimed at identifying the main factors of this evolution and predicting the efficiency of resistance management strategies.
For example, this should improve the efficiency of resistance diagnosis, the knowledge of complex detoxification pathways associated with NTSR and the capacity to design successful treatment strategies for multiple targets.
Resistance to pesticides and drugs led to the development of theoretical models aimed at identifying the main factors of resistance evolution and predicting the efficiency of resistance management strategies.
Thirty one of the 34 questions of the reading grid were specifically used to characterize the range of diversity of model features, from the genetic features of resistance to the socio-economic criteria used to assess the efficiency of resistance management strategies.
Looking at three components of crop protection –durability of resistance, efficiency of resistance, and sustainability of rotating cultivation- provided the same hierarchy of management strategies with Pyramiding > Alternating > Mixture > Sequential use of a single R-gene introgressed in a susceptible background.
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Introgressing the R-gene in susceptible cultivars with heterozygous status decreases the efficiency of the resistance and results in an increase in the reproduction and maintenance of the pathogen population.
The efficiency of neomycin resistance conferred by the transposon reporter with GFP-PGBD5 was approximately 4.5-fold less than that of the T. ni piggyBac-derived transposase, consistent with their evolutionary divergence.
We compared the apparent activity of human PGBD5 to the hyperactive version of the lepidopteran piggyBac: "The efficiency of neomycin resistance conferred by the transposon reporter with GFP-PGBD5 was approximately 4.5 fold less than that of the T. ni piggyBac-derived transposase" (Results, first paragraph).
There has been no examination so far of the effect of nitrogen on the efficiency of these forms of resistance.
New methods in order to increase the efficiency and the durability of resistance are envisaged.
We evaluated experimentally three of these strategies to control root-knot nematodes: cultivar mixtures, alternating and pyramiding resistance genes, under controlled and field conditions over a 3-years period, assessing the efficiency and the durability of resistance in a protected crop rotation system with pepper as summer crop and lettuce as winter crop.
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