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The success of PMTCT programmes should make the problem moot, but in the meantime, the increasing availability of ART and its efficacy means more children growing into healthy adolescents and adults.
A common misunderstanding is that a "good" diagnostic efficacy means providing remarkable images of sufficient quality (Rosen et al. 2017; EUROPEAN-COMMISSION 2012; Fryback and Thornbury 1991).
If the only colloids available are HES, the actual equipoise regarding efficacy means that we choose crystalloids to avoid adverse effects on organ function.
We all have a responsibility to weigh cost against efficacy; for this technology, efficacy means both achieving the stated goals of the device and improving our patients' health.
A positive willingness to pay means that patients are willing to pay a personal contribution for the attribute/level, while a negative willingness to trade efficacy means that patients are willing to give up treatment efficacy for the attribute/level.
Testing effectiveness (rather than efficacy) means we have a better idea of the outcome in real life of interventions within the complexity of health care [ 16], and a much better chance of incorporating issues of reach, access and equity.
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Safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy (mean pain reduction and quality of life measures) were evaluated at baseline (screening) and at designated time points throughout the study period.
However, AD is characterized by diverse symptoms that can vary highly during the natural course of the disease and from patient to patient [ 10, 13- 15], which makes the usual 'snapshot' assessment of efficacy (mean baseline-to-endpoint change in one or two clinical domains) a suboptimal approach.
The reason for the differences in drug efficacy (mean blood glucose level and MAGE) observed in this study is considered to be that sitagliptin 50 mg daily results in less than 70% suppression of DPP-4 activity over 24 h [ 20] whereas vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily results in 80% or greater suppression of DPP-4 activity over 24 h [ 21].
For efficacy, mean changes from the baseline in each outcome measure other than CIBIC-plus were compared between each active group and placebo by both Student t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with baseline values (sex, weight, and each test score) as covariates.
He's collecting evidence to show that these actually are high-efficacy means, and can be prescribed.
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