The efficacy of ILM delamination may be caused by the removal of a growth factor reservoir which may have accumulated in the ILM and in cellular elements on its vitreous side.
The lack of efficacy of anti-VEGF treatments may be caused by the effects of this treatment on the HIF pathway-mediated expression of other pro-angiogenic factors, such as stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), erythropoietin, and other factors [ 7, 8].
The increased efficacy of multistrain probiotics against pathogens may be caused by the greater variety of antimicrobial capacities associated with mixed preparations, such as production of weak organic acids, bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, coaggregation molecules and/or biosurfactants, and the stimulation of sIgA production and mucus secretion by the host [ 72].
Because optimal efficacy of the drug requires phosphorylation, lack of activity may be caused by poor phosphorylation in Vero E6 cells (6 ).
Alternatively, our higher estimate may be caused by implementation of MID at a fine spatial scale over a broader area, which produced higher intervention efficacy.
The efficacy of MMT observed in this study may need to take threats of internal validity into consideration and, namely, the positive outcomes may be caused by other factors such as maturation, testing, and sample selection bias.
Lower vaccine efficacy may also be caused by the presence of sub-genotypic lineages.
