Tofacitinib dosed 5 and 10 mg twice daily (BID), as monotherapy or in combination with nonbiologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), was efficacious, providing benefits in the signs and symptoms of RA, structural preservation, and in physical function and patient-reported outcomes.
A Cochrane systematic review established that treating healthy older persons with hypertension is highly efficacious, and that benefits of treatment with low dose diuretics or beta-blockers were clear for persons in their 60s to 70s with either diastolic or systolic hypertension [ 72].
Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of all of the completed clinical trials using bone marrow-derived stem cells to treat ischemic heart disease, Abdel-Latif et al. [ 23] and Lipinski et al. [ 24] suggested that the transplantation of these cells is safe and efficacious beyond the benefits achieved using traditional therapy using pharmaceuticals.
Assuming the validity of previous evidence of efficacy and the comparability of the patients and outcome measures in these studies, such results may be a consequence of limitations in the ability of these RCTs to demonstrate the benefits of efficacious analgesic treatments vs placebo ("assay sensitivity").
13, 18, 19 Although EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors such as erlotinib and gefitinib have been efficacious in NSCLC, these benefits have not yet been demonstrated for CRC.
The observed efficacious yet ephemeral therapeutic benefits of BVZ indicate that targeting of vegf alone may not handcuff an entire oncogenic pathway, eventually resulting in tumor recurrence.
This lack of clinical efficacy of PC irradiation, combined with the substantial benefit that efficacious PC EBRT could provide, mandates exploration of methods to overcome radiation resistance in PC.
While oxaliplatin is an efficacious agent, its expected benefit may not be the same in all patients.
A recent study from Moreland et al. sheds light on the incremental benefit in efficacious combination therapies and strategies [ 41].
The question remains though, about what kind of patient has a greater chance of benefit with efficacious conservative therapies such as SMT [ 7– 9], mechanical lumbar traction [ 10], and a stabilization exercise program [ 11].
