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Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for each of these effects were calculated using the standard formula: ICER = [telephone group total costs – print group total costs]/[telephone group outcome – print group outcome] (15).
Top-of-atmosphere, all-sky aerosol radiative effects were calculated using the Suite of Community Radiative Transfer codes (SOCRATES 52.
Lattice vibration effects were calculated using the supercell method within the harmonic and quasi-harmonic approximations.
P-values for fixed effects were calculated using Satterthwaite approximations (Kuznetsova, Brockhoff, & Christensen, 2015).
Overall effects were calculated using a random effects model.
We checked for extra-Poisson dispersion [ 13], and effects were calculated using the negative binomial distribution.
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The other two-way interactive effects are calculated using the same methods.
The second order effects are calculated using orthogonality properties of the buckling modes.
The second order effects are calculated using the orthogonal properties of the buckling modes.
The cost of these effects is calculated using data available from a number of UK government departments.
The free surface effects are calculated using the volume of fluid (VOF) method and continuum surface force.
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