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Based on these simulations, the model also calculates "house effects," the amount by which any given pollster's estimates differ from the polling average.
Consistent with findings in [14], for the four participants who showed reward bias effects, the amount of bias is close to optimal when stimulus duration is long, deviating slightly and with relatively little cost in the under-biased direction.
To reduce these effects, the amount of DMSO present in the samples had to be kept to a minimum.
When the amount of information on the individual level decreases and the individual estimates shrink towards the fixed effects, the amount of information available in the dependent variable about the partly missing covariate decrease.
This is in part explained by the elliptical orbit of the earth around the sun, changing the solar zenith angle throughout the seasons, which effects the amount of ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation reaching the Earth's surface.
To exert the beneficial health effects, the amount of probiotic bacteria in the food product should be adequately high, i.e., 10 10 cfu mL−1 throughout the entire shelf life (Ghoddusi and Hassan 2011).
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However, concerning the opioid-sparing analgesic effects, the amounts of morphine consumption were not different among the three groups, and also all three groups had comparable adverse events.
Even if the new tax increases go into effect, the amount of taxes they owe may not change much, according to Clint Stretch, the managing principal of tax policy at Deloitte L.L.C. in Washington.
As a result, to use economists' jargon, the "factor content" of American imports—in effect, the amount of skilled labour they contain has not shifted downwards.
To obtain the substrate with the best SERS effect, the amount of Au nanoparticles adhered on the nanorods was adjusted by altering the sputtering time.
Due to the spatial aggregation effect, the amount of zones (AoZ) has a direct influence on the optimality of traffic analysis zone delineation (TAZD) problems.
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