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To examine relative importance of endophyte symbiosis and maternal effects, plant performance was examined as biomass in 2004, including the number of inflorescences produced each year (2004 2008).
(c) What are the relative contributions of spatial effects, plant distribution and variation among individual dispersers (lizards) to plant recruitment kernels?
Accordingly to the results, it may be noted that the nutrient imbalance leads to DNA damages, mutations on genomic level in case of U. dioica, and also effects plant antioxidative defense system which contributed to the toxic effects in plants exposed to the long-term high metal concentrations.
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Humans are not alone in suffering from lead's effects; plants and animals are also affected by lead toxicity to varying degrees depending on species.
Due to the limitations of synthetic drugs in having adverse effects, plant-based formulations offer a good prospect for the treatment of heart disease.
To adapt to Cd-induced deleterious effects, plants have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms.
To cope with these adverse effects, plants developed several heat tolerance mechanisms (reviewed by [ 14]).
To avoid any edge effects, plants used for this experiment were located in the middle of the vineyard.
In other words: No effect (plant protection) without side effects (on organisms in the environment).
Alternatively they can effect plant growth by directly interfering with the metabolic processes, such as respiration and protein synthesis [8].
The aim of this study was to investigate how plants can sense the presence of a fungus able to effect plant disease control in the rhizosphere.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com