Societal unrest and similar events are important for societies, but it is often difficult to quantify their effects on individuals, hindering a timely and effective policy-making in emergencies and in particular localized social shocks such as protests.
Mr. Ouroussoff's grand architectural visions for the Manhattanization of Brooklyn leaves out the effects on individuals.
But we should be careful when using averages to make inferences about causes and effects on individuals.
If people could no longer afford the essentials of life – with catastrophic effects on individuals and communities – then what was needed was a new way of paying.
The goal was to draw strong links, through regime documents and testimony by witnesses and victims, between Syrian government policies and their effects on individuals.
If the crime leads to prison, future employment prospects fall off a cliff.And then there are the effects on individuals.
He stressed in his final conclusions that "solitary confinement is a harsh measure which may cause serious psychological and physiological adverse effects on individuals regardless of their specific conditions".
Art can be very good at illuminating history, showing how shifting geographies, ideologies and violent upheavals have real but often hidden effects on individuals.
But writing in the Observer, the archbishop says he and other faith leaders have decided to speak out – not to advance their religious viewpoint but because they believe the bill would have serious detrimental effects on individuals and society, and compromise the principle of respect for the lives of others that lies at the centre of the legal system.
He decided to write a novel about the deportation of Asia Minor Christians to Greece and Greek Muslims to Turkey, about the shifts in history that made such disruption possible, and the effects on individuals of being caught up in this maelstrom of population movement.
(By the way, does anyone still believe that labour-saving technology destroys jobs overall?) So far as the effects on individuals are concerned, this process does have consequences that need to be examined and, in some cases, softened.
