Sentence examples for effects on brood from inspiring English sources

Sandrock et al. find that 1.5 month exposure to two neonicotinoid insecticides through pollen patties starting in May leads to a 28% reduction in worker population in the following April, along with effects on brood size and food stores.

Generation had significant negative effects on brood size (decreasing over time; P < 0.01), emerged female and male adults (decreasing over time; P < 0.01), sex ratio (i.e. proportion of males, increasing over time; P < 0.05) and time to egression of parasitoid larvae from hosts (increasing over time; P < 0.01), indicating deleterious effects of inbreeding, regardless of treatment.

We found that expression of TIR1 from strong drivers in the soma or germ line had no effect on brood size or embryonic viability at either 25°C (Table 1) or 20°C (Table S1).

Although the effect on brood size or embryonic lethality was not examined, expression of this ubc-25 transgene in ubc-25 (ok1732 ) mutant animals restored the normal number of intestinal nuclei, further confirming that loss of ubc-25 activity is responsible for the cell-cycle defects.

We made sure that stored pollen (an inhibitor of pollen foraging) was not different between our brood treatments to be certain that we were only testing the effects of brood on foraging behavior.

However, several others have found clear, negative effects of brood size on survival (e.g., Gustafsson and Sutherland 1988; Smith et al. 1989).

Le Conte et al. (2001) also showed an earlier onset of foraging in colonies with brood versus colonies without brood as well as dose-dependent effects of brood pheromone on foraging age.

Previous studies have shown effects of brood stimuli on the number of pollen foragers but not the number of nectar foragers, suggesting that brood affects the nectar and pollen loading decisions by placing a higher relative value on pollen for any given concentration of nectar (Dreller et al. 1999; Pankiw et al. 1998, Pankiw and Page 2001a, b; Pankiw 2004a, b; Amdam et al. 2008).

Negative effects of brood size enlargement on various nestling traits have been reported (e.g. Cichoń and Dubiec 2005).

In addition, ACE inhibitors introduced in the blood meal, resulted in a dose-dependent effect on brood-size, but had no effect on oocyte development, nor the rate of digestion of the blood.

Imposed stress to the adult workers was, most often, more damaging to the colony than effects on the brood; and imposed stress applied to in-hive workers had a larger impact in late summer than the rest of the year.