Sentence examples for effects on birth from inspiring English sources

Future studies should focus on more sophisticated study designs, more accurate estimation of temperature exposure during pregnancy, and more efficient methods to find out the exposure windows, as well as cold-related effects on birth outcomes.

Several designs including ecological (e.g., descriptive and time-series) and retrospective cohort studies (e.g., case-crossover and time-to-event) were applied to assess temperature effects on birth outcomes.

Although low birth weight was used as a proxy for compromised fetal development in the initial epidemiological studies, based on controlled studies using livestock and other animal models in the last two decades we now know that developmental programming can occur independently of any effects on birth weight.

Energy is related to population growth via its effects on birth, death, and migration rates.

A hospital-based study of birth outcomes impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake shows that the earthquake was associated with significant effects on birth outcomes, indicating it is a major monitor for long-term pregnant outcomes.

For future studies on air pollution effects on birth outcomes, careful control of confounding is crucial.

No significant effects on birth weight, birth length, or head circumference were demonstrated.

Macro- and micronutrient supplementation have modest reported effects on birth weight and preterm birth.

Our study confirms different detrimental effects on birth outcomes of smoking during pregnancy by different residence.

Traffic-related air pollutants may have adverse effects on birth weight.

These contextual effects on birth weight extended beyond the immediate environment to the wider geographic neighborhood region.