Rarely do biologists assume only proximate or only ultimate causes explain phenomena; rarely do they assume only one proximate or ultimate cause instead, research in evolutionary biology typically seeks to disentangle the relative effects of these various causes.
Thus, combinatorial effects of these cytokines cause an additional paramount effect on magnitude of the protective immune response.
The total effect of all these causes can be described by a simple equation which can be derived from the rigorous mathematical solution by introducing reasonable simplifying assumptions.
One key premise of FCT is that the effect of these fundamental causes will not be removed by modifying the intervening variables in the pathway 38.
Recognizing that our definition of renal injury includes cases not related to PPI use, we used a multi-variable regression to control for the effect of these confounding causes of renal injury.
"I've seen people undergoing side effects of these medications that cause them to do all kinds of things," said Dr. Sasha Bardey, a psychiatrist who is a clinical instructor at New York University's Langone Medical Center, and is a co-producer of "Side Effects".
We proposed that the additive effects of these changes ultimately cause the skin disease phenotype observed in ODDD patients that express this mutant.
To rule out the possibility of "off-target" effects of these vectors in causing drug resistance, two independent shRNA vectors for both ARID1A and SMARCE1 were tested in validation assays in multiple cell systems.
To understand the molecular effects of these mutations in causing CdLS and overlapping phenotypes, we have fully characterized the structure and function of five HDAC8 mutants: C153F, A188T, I243N, T311M, and H334R.
Promoter escape, elongation, and termination by E. coli RNAP were not affected by Y47A and R48A substitutions in vitro (Supplementary Figure S6A and B), supporting the idea that in vivo effects of these mutations were caused by deficiencies in promoter utilization.
