The negative effects of these obstructions on anadromous species (particularly Atlantic salmon and Allis shad) have been much more significant than water pollution, overfishing and habitat destruction in the main rivers.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nasal obstruction during growth on the maturation of the jaw-opening reflex (JOR) using an electrophysiological technique.
We tested the effects of partial obstruction and the homogeneity of body sizes on the escape rate and found that appropriate selection of size and location of obstruction and homogeneity of body sizes can increase the outflow of pedestrians by more than double.
As laryngeal collapse appears as one of the most threatening secondary effects of airway obstruction during the progression of BAOS, authors' goal was to look for potential differences of the laryngeal shape among three common brachycephalic canine breeds presented for BAOS surgery.
Thus, they are usually studied indirectly, taking advantage of the effects of their obstruction, such as premature closure, air trapping, heterogeneity of ventilation, and lung volume dependence of airflow limitation.
To assess the negative impact of mouth breathing on craniofacial development, Vargervik et al.[3] studied the effects of nasal airway obstruction in the rhesus monkey, and they demonstrated that mouth breathing can generate Class II malocclusion with crossbite, which will narrow and lengthen the palate and cause skeletal changes to the mandible.
Beyond the potential for diagnostic confusion with cholangiocarcinoma, the clinical significance of intrabiliary growth is 2-fold and includes both the effects of bile duct obstruction and the potential for intrahepatic tumor recurrence.
The effects of obstruction on renal function are the consequence of many factors that profoundly alter all components of glomerular function.
The effect of changing the shape of the obstruction on the sweep efficiency was also considered in this work.
In the present work, the effects of heterogeneous airway obstructions on the distribution of air and helium oxygen were examined using an in vitro model, the two compartments of a dual adult test lung.
