A good degree of uncertainty remains regarding privacy issues, the effects of interdependency, the impact of IoT and other challenges that will no doubt emerge as smart cities become the standard.
The effects of the interconnectivities and interdependencies of several technologies and industries in the same region, especially in the Middle East, "are of growing concern and play an important role in many risks now appearing on the horizon," according to a recent report by Allianz (Allianz Global Corporate & Specialty 2015, p. 30), the world's largest insurance company.
The genome sequence data of 36 pooled bacterial strains combined with the availability of more than 200 gene expression profiles and the experimental genome-wide assessment of essential genes, gave the unique opportunity to revisit the central question of the interdependency of the effects of various factors on sequence variation in an accurate and definite manner.
We performed random-effects meta-analyses of published data to obtain estimates of the interdependency between changes in physical and cognitive functioning.
Motivated by these findings, we propose a more coordinated approach to coastal risk mitigation which considers the effects of interdependencies on insurance pricing, structural design, mitigation strategies and community resilience.
Furthermore, the analyzes of the interdependencies showed, that the majority of the variables weakens the effects of the other ones.
A key reason for attempting this is to capture the compounding effects of interdependencies due to degrading asset reliability (for instance due to aging), different asset management strategies (including condition monitoring and automation options), and staff resource constraints when performing maintenance and repairs.
Most of existing studies on vulnerability analysis of multiple infrastructure systems mainly focus on negative effects of interdependencies, which mean that failures in one system can propagate to other systems and aggravate the initial damage.
In reality, there also exist positive effects of interdependencies, which are shown in complementary systems and mean that if one system fails another system can provide alternative services to satisfy customers׳ demands.
