Because the language used in the instructions might be more understandable to analytically trained individuals and therefore might have influenced rater responses and scores, we included a second set of INXPs to assess the possible "framing effect" of the instructions given to the raters.
The Court of Appeals in this case stated that the effect of the instruction was to place the burden on respondent to prove his innocence.
The study aimed to investigate the effect of the instruction for conscious contraction of the abdominal muscles on the scapulothoracic muscles activation during shoulder exercises.
There was one main effect of the instruction factor (P=0.03) on diastolic blood pressure, with the group 'told caffeine' reporting significantly smaller decrease in diastolic blood pressure than controls and subjects in the double blind condition.
To explore these issues further, we studied the effect of the instruction given to adult subjects (PEF technique or FVC technique) when the peak expiratory flow was measured.
In determining the effect of this instruction on the validity of respondent's conviction, we accept at the outset the well established proposition that a single instruction to a jury may not be judged in artificial isolation, but must be viewed in the context of the overall charge.
The results of both experiments showed positive effects of the drawing strategy instructions and negative effects of the text-focused strategy instructions without interactions.
Preferential protection of young children with ITNs in a sub-area of NHD was already achieved in a large efficacy study, pointing to the effects of clear instructions to the population [12], [38].
As indicated above, the behavioral data show a clear effect of this instruction on the pain ratings since putative anesthesia reduced imputed pain.
To control for the effects of math instruction the children received at school (rather than during tutoring), a comparison group of 16 third-grade children who did not receive tutoring, but who had the same testing and brain scans before and after an eight-week interval, was also included in the study.
