Based on the available evidence, it is impossible to quantify and foresee the effects of centralization, and the cost-benefit therefore remains a division of unknowns.
The effects of such planned centralization strategies are the object of studies on health systems mainly in Europe and Japan [ 26– 36].
Second, institutions such as pattern-setting may promote coordination, while it is also substitutable for institutions that are intended to promote centralization.6 There are several different claims regarding the effects of centralization and coordination on unemployment rates.
Effects of prevalent centralization on patients are also a topic for research, with a focus on longer travel time for most and possible impairment of social support [ 22, 39– 439.
A commonly-advanced hypothesis is that the effect of the degree of centralization on unemployment is hump shaped, with either full centralization or full decentralization dominating intermediate levels of bargaining.
For example, Huseby and Jensberg [ 12] analyzed the effects of the hospital reform on the degree of centralization of specialized procedures.
Aggregating inventory decisions for n independent locations (or, more generally, demand streams) results in lower relative uncertainty and lower inventory costs, as demonstrated in G.D. Eppen, "Note: Effects of Centralization on Expected Costs in a Multi-Location Newsboy Problem," Management Science 25, no. 5 (May 1979): 498-501.
Also at the network level, we obtained values of the three components of the centralization parameter: degree centralization (DC), closeness centralization (CC) and betweenness centralization (BC) [16].
The effect of centralization of elective surgical procedures on the ability of patients to access surgery has not been studied previously.
