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We investigated mechanisms of susceptibility during critical developmental periods to sidestream smoke (SS) exposure and evaluated the possible effects of SS on neural responses.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06576.004 To identify the global effects of SS on brain activity, we compared the ALFF in the SS group with the Saline group 2 hr post-treatment using two-sample t-tests corrected for multiple comparisons.
All of these effects of SS on HRV were eliminated with TENS treatment (Table 2).
MM countered the effects of SS on SP-B+ cells and CCSP+ cells.
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Although decreased ΔΨm of HeLa cells was induced by Ssd treatment (Supplementary Figure S3), supplementation of the glycolytic intermediate (methyl pyruvate, MP) was unable to abolish Ssd-mediated GFP-LC3 puncta formation, suggesting that Ssd-induced autophagy did not involve energy depletion but rather the decrease in ΔΨm is likely to be due to other effects of Ssd on the mitochondria.
In the mitochondrial preparation, the predominant effect of SS on oxygen consumption rates (OCR) was to cause a decrease in maximal respiration.
Remarkably, in cells with a reduced content of HIPK2, the effect of SS on p21waf1,cip1,sdi1 expression was restored in the presence of Bleo as indicated by western blotting (Figure 4b, left) and densitometric analyses (right).
We began by investigating the effect of SS on ROS generation and observed that the absence of serum in culture medium for 4 h was enough to produce a significant increase in ROS levels.
Our recent clinical practice of combining SSd administration with radiation in treating patients with hepatocellular carcinoma revealed that this joint treatment was more effective than either monotherapy alone, indicating a contributory effect of SSd on radiotherapy.
We compared dose effects of SS participation on health care use and costs, based on a dose threshold of <2 or ≥2 visits/week.
However, the effect of SSd on tumors exposed to radiation is largely unknown.
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