Sentence examples for effects of protection from inspiring English sources
Importantly, we show that the positive effects of protection are mostly attributable to differences in land use between protected and unprotected sites.
Figure 3: Effects of protection on four biodiversity measures across eight land use types.
Here we assess the effect of protection on species and assemblages using collated primary data rather than effect sizes, quantifying the effects of protection both among and within land uses, while controlling for potentially confounding variables (see Methods).
Notwithstanding the correct general methodology employed in the study, a lack of statistical power could have a role in preventing the detection of ecologically relevant effects of protection.
We extract data from 156 studies, including 13,669 species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, that had sites both inside (n=1,939 sites) and outside (n=4,592 sites) 359 terrestrial protected areas (Fig. 1) and use mixed-effects models to assess the effects of protection while accounting for among-study differences in sampling methodology.
Recognizing the effects of protection on export performance, both farming and mining groups joined the public debate.
Analysing only the sites within each study for which land use could be matched across the protected area boundary (Fig. 1d), we found no significant effect of protection on any biodiversity measure for any management category group, taxonomic group or latitudinal zone (Supplementary Table 3 and Supplementary Fig. 4).
Coetzee et al.22, reviewing 86 studies, found a positive effect of protection on species richness and abundance.
In both cases, we also explored whether the effect of protection varied with latitudinal zone and taxonomic group.
We also split the matched-sites data by latitudinal zone and taxonomic groups to assess whether these factors influenced the effect of protection.
