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One is that the main effects of openness to capital can be expected to push in opposing directions: access to capital ought to spur investment and growth, but at the same time it will expose an economy to additional economic turbulence which may slow it down.
These two opposing forces explain the observed uncertain effects of openness to trade on wage inequality in developing countries.
We examined the curvilinear effects of openness and agreeableness on the imaginative capability of student designers, and collected data from 5 universities across Taiwan.
As shown in Tables 2 and 3, the linear and quadratic effects of openness and agreeableness and of numeracy on income are more or less additive, explaining a total of 20% of the variance in income.
The indirect effects of openness and creative potential were also significant in the moderation model A′ (openness: β = .31, p < .001; Ideational fluency: β = .14, p < .01; Ideational originality: β = .16, p < .05).05
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The benefits are invisible; the downside is very visible indeed".In one way, at least, Maastricht is responding to the undesired effect of openness.
The paper looks at the effect of openness to trade (measured by the sum of exports and imports relative to GDP) first on incomes overall, and then on the distribution of income.
But a sounder reading may understand him to hold that attaining beatitudo and virtus are more like built-in beneficial side-effects of openness to the beatitudo of everyone – that is, of love of neighbor as oneself, according to a reasonable order of priorities.
Whilst long-term incentives appear to enhance efficiency to a greater extent than short-term incentives, the substitution effect of openness is stronger regarding long-term incentives.
In other words, the unique effect of openness to experience was examined as a predictor for each of the six higher order factors of the EALS.
The effect of openness or canopy gaps was taken into account by considering the zenith angle of the sun, canopy openness and crown architecture (Equation 5), which are all summarised using the λ h parameter (Equation 2).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com