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Aykac et al. (2014) studied RC beams with and without multiple web openings to investigate the effects of opening geometry, the use of longitudinal stirrups in the posts between the openings, the use of diagonal reinforcement around openings, and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio on the flexural behavior of RC beams with openings.
Torunbalci (2002) experimentally investigated the behavior of RC beams with large rectangular opening to study the effects of opening locations and the presence of web reinforcement on shear strength.
The effects of opening shape and location on the structural strength of RC deep beams with opening was studied (Alsaeq 2013).
These sessions address, for example, how open data is being used in healthcare, the evolution of the UK government open data portal, and the effects of opening up government spending.
A second lengthy struggle concluded last month, when the National Union of Teachers finally secured the release of statutory "impact reports" detailing the knock-on effects of opening each free school – though even now, the government has released only 24 reports, claiming the others will be published at a future, unspecified date.
Effects of opening dimensions and opening shapes on the Vierendeel failure of web-perforated members are investigated in this paper.
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Based on the numerical data, a design model is presented that accounts for the reduction in web shear area, shear buckling of the web and the effect of opening position, vertical stiffeners and opening reinforcements.
11 Although the peer review process has changed and reviewers for some journals have become used to more openness, evidence about the effect of opening review further is still required.
"The effect of opening up agricultural trade has been huge and devastating in the countryside here and in Mexico," Brother Andrews said.
"An optional E.U. contract law would have the effect of opening up the single market, giving traders and consumers the opportunity to transact in a secure environment".
On January 23rd the company announced its first annual drop in "like-for-like" sales (after stripping out the effect of opening new outlets) since 2002.
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