Anyhow, cough symptoms may to some extent be an effect of obstruction in peripheral airways whereas wheezes and dyspnoea may to some extent be an effect of obstruction of larger airways, at least among elderly men.
We conclude that, some cough symptoms may be an effect of obstruction in peripheral airways and a predictor of peripheral airways disease at least among male middle-aged smokers.
Storage symptoms can be caused directly by associated bladder outlet obstruction from prostatic enlargement or from secondary effects of the obstruction on the bladder itself.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of nasal obstruction during growth on the maturation of the jaw-opening reflex (JOR) using an electrophysiological technique.
Thus, they are usually studied indirectly, taking advantage of the effects of their obstruction, such as premature closure, air trapping, heterogeneity of ventilation, and lung volume dependence of airflow limitation.
As laryngeal collapse appears as one of the most threatening secondary effects of airway obstruction during the progression of BAOS, authors' goal was to look for potential differences of the laryngeal shape among three common brachycephalic canine breeds presented for BAOS surgery.
In fact, RSUs placement is always planned to cover areas as wide as possible, also considering effects of urban obstructions.
However, the effect of biliary obstruction specifically on phagocytic killing within the liver is less well described.
The question of whether RME is beneficial in reducing the effect of nasal obstruction from a deviated nasal septum in growing patients has not been intensively investigated.
This study focuses on the effect of mechanical obstruction alone; however, we present simple models of vasoconstriction illustrating an increased impact on PVR.
