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In the cerebellum, we found a nonmonotonic effect of DZN, with enhanced AC signaling at the low dose that disappeared or was reversed at the high dose; this likely represents the positive neurotrophic effect of acetylcholine produced by a small degree of cholinesterase inhibition, offsetting the direct effects of low exposure (Timofeeva et al. 2008a).
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In addition, results of studies examining effects of low exposures to iAs did not support this association or yielded conflicting results [ 1].
The human immune system is highly sensitive to toxic effects but little is known of the long term effects of low exposures to PCBs or OCPs in the general population.
These results, as well as our previous findings (Xing et al. 2010), indicate a need for more studies of the potential effects of low exposures (≤ 1 ppm) to benzene, especially chromosomal abnormalities in the germ line of exposed men, and a reevaluation of the current occupational exposure limit of 1 ppm by OSHA.
The key issue to keep in mind when studying the effects of low exposures to Cd is that this heavy metal uses the same transport pathways as plasma proteins for its urinary excretion and the same transport pathways as essential elements for its intestinal absorption.
These results could never be observed by environmental epidemiology and this method probably represents the only way of quantifying the health effects of low-exposure levels.
We examined only short-term effects of high H2O2 exposure on cell viability and short-term effects of low H2O2 exposure on miRNA and mRNA gene expression profiles.
In view of the public health significance of pesticide residues and the uncertainty that exist regarding the long term effects of low dose exposure of these pesticides to human and the environment, it is important to assess their levels in the environment.
The present study reports the effects of low UV exposure in a reconstructed skin model in vitro.
The effects of low temperature exposure on growth and liver condition of sea bream are summarized in Table 1.
Contamination of pet foods and infant formula with high levels of melamine has resulted in a number of cases of illness and deaths among pets and children; however, the long-term effects of low dose exposures is poorly understood.
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