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He will allude to Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin's theory of "spandrels" — side effects of evolution that are not selected for but arise as a consequence of other developments.
The problem has a flavor of statistical mechanics, but possesses the most common feature of most biological problems – the profound effects of evolution.
If it is true that because of a long history of sexual selection there are biological differences between genders, then the best hope for justice in a 50/50 society would be to enact permanent, gender-specific laws to counterbalance the effects of evolution, which would in turn undermine the goal of minimizing gender itself.
But so far, no study has adequately addressed the joint effects of evolution, dispersal, and species interactions.
Evolution may thus not be driven by motifs; rather, motifs may be the inevitable result of the self-organizing effects of evolution.
Overcoming these challenges in cross-species experiments will be particularly difficult because measurement artifacts can both mimic and obscure the effects of evolution.
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Other works of this period include The Lotus and the Robot (1960), an examination of Eastern mysticism; The Ghost in the Machine (1967), which discusses the effect of evolution on the structure of the human brain; and The Thirteenth Tribe (1976), a controversial study of the origins of the Jewish people.
By observing a short time-limit, we ensured a negligible effect of evolution of the network structure (less than 2% overall, according to a heuristic calculation based on the growth rate of Facebook during the sampling process - August 2010).
The overall effect of evolution depends on the quantitative details of these responses (Fig. 3A).
The effect of evolution on observed phenotypes and population dynamics depends on the timescale of interest.
The effect of evolution on genes with known roles in cell separation is shown in Table 3.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com