Finally, we discuss the effects of election polling data on election outcomes.
Oregon is a place were political activists, especially conservative ballot measure activists, test drive a lot of ideas, because we have such a wide open ballot measure culture and we have one major media market -- Portland, Oregon -- and so it's fairly cheap to try and effect the outcome of elections here.
QUESTION FROM JON G.: When will we see the effects on elections of the Citizens United decision?
More than one election took place on Nov. 7, and it is possible that the cumulative effects of the elections for Congress will prove to be even more influential in the policymaking process of the next administration than the closeness of the presidential election itself.
What is unclear is how to contain the effects of the elections.
Mr. Peskin's recent setbacks reflect in part the effects of district elections, which in the past 10 years have both radicalized city politics, but have also diffused once-great concentrations of power.
Although addressing contributions and expenditures in judicial elections is a worthy and important goal, as the writers point out, we cannot assume that spending limits alone will be sufficient to eliminate the deleterious effects of judicial elections on fair and impartial courts.
Distinctive from the effects of grassroots elections on police trust, rightful resistance tends to produce complaints against the police.
Within the LGBT community and society at large, we often think of the effects of these elections in terms of whether or not marriage equality will expand to another state, or whether yet another state will engrain discrimination into its constitution.
By mid-October, Election Commission rules come into effect ahead of elections in Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, which prohibit any standing government from announcing significant policy decisions in the run-up to the contests.
