Sentence examples for effects of contest from inspiring English sources

As, however, olfactory signals produced by contestants (Barata et al. 2007) could influence the behavior of fish in later contests, we confirmed that the number of previous contests on the same day had no effect on the activities of the contestants (generalized linear model testing the effects of contest number on the rates of charges and displays; all p values >0.2).

Here, we manipulated both age and social experience of male burying beetles (N. vespilloides) to investigate their effects on contest behavior, contest outcome, and winner loser effects.

We independently manipulated age and social experience of focal male beetles used in our experiment, and investigated their effects on contest behavior and outcome using a 2×2 factorial design.

In Pagurus bernhardus, males possess larger chelipeds than females, but cheliped size had no effect on the outcome of contests over shells (Briffa and Dallaway 2007), indicating that competition for shells does not oppose sexual dimorphism in this trait.

In contrast, social experience did influence contest behavior; however, this was via effects on male encounter rates rather than predicted effects on male aggression, and these differences did not affect the outcome of contests.

The numbers of previous contests experienced by focus fish and by opponent fish had no effect on contest outcome and were removed from the model.

Recent theory regarding the effects of experience on contest behavior suggests that as an animal ages and gains experience, it should become less aggressive (Fawcett and Johnstone 2010).

Cumulative link models (CLM) were built in the package "ordinal" (Christensen 2010) to test for sex-specific effects of RSD on contest outcome, which was coded as an ordinal response variable (with levels "loser," "tied," and "winner").

The effects of experience on contest behavior that we see here do not support the idea that male burying beetles gain information on their relative competitive status through either social experience per se or through fighting experience more specifically.

Both males were placed onto the carcass at the same time to avoid any effects of ownership on contest behavior or outcome as previous studies have shown that resource holders are more likely to win contests in N. vespilloides (Otronen 1988).

Most notable is research on winner and loser effects, where winners of contests are more likely to win in subsequent contests, and losers are more likely to lose in subsequent contests (reviewed in Hsu et al. 2006; Rutte et al. 2006).