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The modeling also showed that the effects of COC on the utilization rate of ED services are of consistent statistical significance for different scopes of chronic conditions at both levels.
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Only a few studies have combined the investigation of the effects of COCs on androgens with the occurrence of side effects which could be attributed to suppressed androgen levels.
The review question was: What is the effect of COC on levels of total T, free T and SHBG in healthy women?
This analysis aims to evaluate the effect of COC on levels of total T, free T and SHBG in healthy women.
A study covering a longer period during adolescence may shed light on the lasting effects of COC use on bone accretion.
Overall, little attention has been paid to the suppressive effect of COCs on androgens along with its potential clinical implications.
All studies investigating the effect of COCs on androgen levels in healthy women were eligible for selection.
Therefore, the negative effect of COCs on T levels may have some impact on bone mass and also on muscle strength.
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of COCs on concentrations of total T, free T and SHBG in healthy women.
Although the effect of COCs on T has been extensively investigated, to our knowledge no systematic review or meta-analysis has been performed previously.
The suppressive effect of COCs on total T did not reveal a significant difference (P = 0.54) between the COCs containing 20 25 µg EE dose and the COCs containing 30 35 µg EE (Supplementary data, Table SII and Supplementary data, Fig. S1).
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