Exact(5)
In particular, the effects of card payments on the demand for cash (for purchases) in certain merchant sectors may per se be invariably conditional on merchant's acceptance (related, for example, to idiosyncratic reasons and the size of payments) in that sector.
In each promoter-based assay, the effects of CarD on each promoter were qualitatively the same.
We calculated a measure of adjusted repeatability using the rptR package [ 51] using linear mixed effect models to account for potential effects of card condition (A or N) and whether ratings were provided for a long- or short-term relationship.
In order to analyze more than one promoter (i.e. to show that the effects of CarD are not promoter-specific), we also studied 23S, a native Tth rRNA promoter.
Participants gave significantly repeatable ratings of the same card across trials (male participants, R = 0.421 [0.457] 0.457]; female participants: R = 0.235 [0.265] 0.265]), accounting for potential effects of card condition and relationship length, and for variation among participants and among cards.
Similar(54)
Previously, we addressed the problems with the initial interpretations of the physiological effects of depleting CarD (CarD is essential so it cannot be knocked out) – because CarD is essential, highly expressed, and regulates almost all promoters, depleting CarD causes pleiotropic effects that make it impossible to ascribe direct, specific effects (Srivastava et al., 2013).
While the interaction with T−12 t) may modulate the effect of CarD in a promoter-specific manner, this is likely to be a minor effect in vivo since T−12 t) is present at most σA promoters (Shultzaberger et al., 2007), and CarD can nevertheless activate transcription from promoters that lack a −12 T/A base pair (although less effectively; Figure 3B).
To test this hypothesis, we determined the effect of CarD on the lifetime of promoter complexes on a synthetic promoter template based on the 23S sequence and compared it with the same synthetic template but with a non-complementary transcription bubble (from −11 to +2) unable to collapse.
(A ) The effect of CarD-W86 substitutions on activation of abortive initiation (UpG dinucleotide + α-P-CTP) on the Tth rrnA-23S promoter (normalized with respect to no CarD).
Single-pane windows aren't big enough to show the full effect of cards most people will have obtained.
We took unprecedented steps to protect consumers from the gouging effects of credit card fees.
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