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The attitudes of 30 Iranian postgraduate students in a Malaysian university toward CAELL were assessed via questionnaires and the effects of CALL on their performance were assessed by using vocabulary tests.
We hypothesized that the effects of call type and of the sex-of-receiver might have been influenced by the identity and sex of the senders in this previous study.
In the present study, we extend those results by examining both the auditory brainstem and its forebrain targets, and by subsequently examining the effects of call attractiveness on those same brain regions.
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From this yield you should knock off 0.6% to cover defaults and the unfavorable effects of calls (early redemptions).
We tested the effects of calling rate and call probability (common/rare) on response strength in a linear mixed model with REML estimation, using the LMER procedure of the lme4 library [54] with calling rate and probability and their interaction as fixed factors and bird as a random factor.
To prevent call-specific memory effects of calls in earlier blocks on responses to calls in later sequences, we used different common rare pairs in each of the six rate sequences that an individual bird received (A/B, C/D, E/F, G/H, I/J, K/L; see Figure 3).
Systematic reviews show that effects of calls alone are inconclusive [ 4] while programmes with home visits seem to be more promising in reducing admissions to long-term care [ 5] and health-care costs [ 6].
To test the effect of call features, natural 50-kHz calls and artificial sine wave tones (i.e. "calls" without amplitude and frequency modulation) were used (Exp. 2 & 3).
By compelling audiences to listen more closely, this unnervingly quiet movie has had the effect of calling attention to an underappreciated aspect of filmmaking: the use of sound.
As to omitting certain questions, that's fine ethically, but doing so might have the unintended effect of calling attention to just those aspects of your ex's history that could hinder his getting hired.
Even in less-provocative forms, however, philosophical reconstructions of parts of the history of science had the effect of calling into question the very concepts of scientific progress and rationality.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com